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Lesson General Rulings That Apply Frequently in Winter
It is imperative that fires that are usually lit in winter be put out before going to sleep. An example of that is heaters, which can cause fires. It has been narrated on the authority of Abu Musa Al-As'ari (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said: A house burnt down in Medinah at night while the family was asleep in it. Addressing this issue, the Prophet ﷺ said: «Indeed this fire is an enemy of yours, so when you go to bed at night, extinguish it.»(Al-Bukhari, 6294, and Muslim, 2016). In another narration, it says: «Do not leave a fire burning in your homes when you go to sleep.» (Al-Bukhari, 6293, and Muslim, 2015)
1. He should reflect the power of Allah in controlling the winds, whether the wind blows warm or cold or if it's light or strong, northerly or southerly, fertile with rain or baron, etc. Allah says: (Indeed, in the creation of the heavens and earth, and the alternation of the night and the day, and the [great] ships which sail through the sea with that which benefits people, and what Allah has sent down from the heavens of rain, giving life thereby to the earth after its lifelessness and dispersing therein every [kind of] moving creature, and [His] directing of the winds and the clouds controlled between the heaven and the earth are signs for a people who use reason.) (AL-Baqarah:164)
2. He fears that it may be a punishment from Allah. It was narrated from 'Aishah, the wife of the Prophet ﷺ that she said: "I never saw the Prophet ﷺ laughing to the point that I could see the inside of his mouth, rather he used to smile." She went on to say: Whenever he saw a cloud or heard the wind, it was clear from his face, so she said: O Messenger of Allah, I notice when people see clouds, they become happy out of hope that there will be rain, but I notice when you see clouds, there is a dislike in your face. So the Prophet ﷺ said: «O 'Aishah, what can reassure me that it does not contain punishment. Indeed a nation was destroyed by the wind, and when they saw the punishment, they said: "This is a cloud bringing us rain! » (Muslims, 899)
3. He asks Allah for the good it contains. On the authority of 'Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her), who said: When the wind blew strong, the Prophet ﷺ used to say: «O Allah, I ask you the good from it and the good therein, and the good sent with it, and I seek refuge in you from the evil from it, the evil within it, and the evil sent with it.» (Muslim, 899)
4. He should avoid speaking ill of it. It was narrated on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) that a man cursed the wind in the presence of the Prophet ﷺ, so he said: «Do not curse the wind...» (At-Tirmidhi, 2252). So likewise, Imam Ash-Shafi’i said: "It is not befitting for anyone to revile the wind, for indeed it is an obedient creation of Allah, and from his soldiers, He sends it as either a mercy or a punishment if He so wishes.»
Abdullah Bin Zubair has reported that whenever he used to hear thunder, he would stop talking and say: "Glory be to Allah the One who the thunder exalts [Allah] with praise of Him - and the angels [as well] from fear of Him." And this wording is from the Qur'an: "(And the thunder exalts [Allah] with praise of Him - and the angels [as well] from fear of Him - and He sends thunderbolts and strikes therewith whom He wills while they dispute about Allah; and He is severe in assault.)(Ra'ad:13)
Allah has described the rain as blessed, as He says: (And We sent down blessed water.) (Qaaf:9). Things that should be done while it is raining: A person should expose a part of his body so the rain can fall on it, as is reported by Anas (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: We were with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ once, and the rain fell upon us. So the Messenger ﷺ removed his garment, and some of the rain fell on him. We asked: "O Messenger of Allah ﷺ, why did you do this?" He replied: «It is the most recent provision created by Allah and sent down.» (Muslim, 898)
2. Supplicating. There are many narrations that show it is a time when supplications are answered.
The Supplications That are to be Said During and After Rainfall.
It has been reported by 'Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) that the Prophet ﷺ used to say whenever it rained: «O Allah, make this a beneficial downpour.» (Al-Bukhari, 1032)
A Muslim should also supplicate that the rain is beneficial, this is because sometimes plentiful rain brings no benefit, as mentioned in the narration: «Drought is not when it does not rain; instead, drought is when it rains heavily, yet nothing grows as a result of it.» (Muslim, 2904)
3. It is recommended to say "(Rah-mah" (mercy) when it is raining. 'Aisha, the wife of the Prophet ﷺ reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to pace back and forward whenever he saw clouds gather and the wind blow, and he was visibly distressed. When it started to rain, then he would be at ease. 'Aisha said: So I asked him (why). He replied: «I feared that it might be punishment befall my followers.» He would say whenever he saw the rain: «Rah-mah» (mercy). (Muslim, 899)
4. During and after rainfall, it is recommended that the following be said: "We have received rainfall by the grace and mercy of Allah." Zaid Bin Khalid Al-Juhani was reported to have said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ prayed the morning prayer with us in Hudaibiyah after the rain had fallen the night before. When he finished, he turned to the people and asked: «Do you know what your lord has said?» They said: "Allah and His messenger know best." He replied, «This morning, there were among my servants those who believed in me and those who disbelieved. The one who said, ‘Allah’s grace and mercy have given us rain' is the one who believes in me and disbelieves in the star. However, the one who said, ‘We have been given rain by such and such a rainy star’ is the one who disbelieves in me and believes in the star.»
If there is a lot of rainfall and the harm of it is feared, then a person is recommended to raise his hands and make the following supplication: "Allāhumma ḥawālaynā wa lā `alaynā. Allāhumma `ala ‘l-ākāmi waẓ-ẓirāb, wa buṭūni ‘l-awdiyati, wa manābitish-shajar. "O Allah, let the rain fall around us and not upon us, O Allah, (let it fall) on the pastures, hills, valleys, and the roots of trees." (Al-Bukhari, 1014, Muslim, 897)
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