Ɓangaren yanzu model
Darasi Wasiyya Da Gado
Ma'anar Wasiyya
Wasiyya: Ita ce mai yin wasiyya ya buƙaci wanda yake yiwa wasiyya da ya zantar da wani abu bayan mutuwanshi; kaman wanda zaiyi wasiyya da wani ɓangaren dukiyanshi wajen gina Masallaci.
An shar'antawa musulmi da yayi wasiyya gabanin mutuwanshi cikin ababen da suke da alaƙa da al'amuran dukiyarshi, kuma haƙiƙa Manzon Allah tsira da amincin Allah su tabbata a gare shi yace: "Haƙƙi ne akan mutum musulmi idan ya kasance yana da abunda da zaiyi wasiyya akanshi ya kwana kwanaki biyu ba tare da ya rubuta wasiyyar shi a wajenshi ba" Ɗan Umar yace: Wani dare bai taɓa wucewa ba tunda naji Manzon Allah tsira da amincin Allah su tabbata agare shi ya faɗi haka face wasiyya ta tana tare da ni.(Bukhari: 2738, Muslim 1627).
Kuma haƙiƙa Allah Ya gabatar da zantar da wasiyya da kuma biyan bashi akan raba gado a cikin littafinShi, Allah Yace game da gado: (Bayan wasiyyar da yayi ko kuma bashi) (Annisa'i: 11).
Yanayin Wasiyya
Kuma wannan wasiyyar tana da yanayi masu yawa
1. Wasiyyar da take wajibi
Idan ya kasance akan musulmi akwai bashuka da wasu haƙƙoƙa na dukiya waɗanda babu wata hujja ko wani dalilai na rubuta waɗanda zasu bayyana hakan, To anan wasiyya ta wajaba domin tabbatar da waɗannan haƙƙoƙan; domin lalle biyan bashi wajibi ne, kuma duk wani abunda wajibi baya cika sai da shi to shi ma wajibi ne.
2. Wasiyyar da take mustahabbi
Ita ce mutum ya sadaukar da wani ɓangare da daga dukiyarshi ta hanyoyin alheri, kaman sadaka akan wasu daga cikin makusanta mabuƙata ko makamancin haka, kuma akwai wasu sharruɗa kaman haka akan wasiyya:
A. Kada wasiyyar ta kasance ga ɗaya daga cikin magada ne, domin Allah Ya riga ya raba musu kasonsu, kuma lalle Annabi tsira da amincin Allah su tabbata a gare shi yace: "Babu wasiyya ga magaji" (Abu Dawood: 3565, Attirmizi: 2120, Ibnu Majah: 2713).
B. Ya kamata wasiyya ta kasance a cikin ƙasa da kashi ɗaya cikin ukun dukiya (Sulusi), kuma zata iya kasancewa daidai da kashi ɗaya cikin ukun dukiya, amma kuma sama da haka ya haramta, kuma a yayin da wani daga cikin sahabbai masu girma ya buƙaci da yayi wasiyya da sama da sulusin dukiyarshi Annabi tsira da amincin Allah su tabbata a gare shi ya hana shi yace: "Ai sulusi da sulusi abu ne mai yawa" (Bukhari: 2744, Muslim: 1628).
C. Ya kasance wanda zaiyi wasiyyar mawadaci ne kuma abunda zai saura na daga dukiyan zai ishi magada, kuma lalle Manzon Allah tsira da amincin Allah su tabbata a gare shi ya gayawa sahabinshi Sa'ad Ɗan Abi Waƙƙas Allah Ya kara mishi yarda yayin da yaso yayi wasiyya cewa: "Lalle da zaka bar magadanka a cikin wadata da shi yafi alheri fiye da ka barsu matsiyata suna roƙon mutane" (Bukhari: 1295, Muslim: 1628).
3. Wasiyyar da take Makaruhi (Abar ƙi):
Idan dukiyar mai wasiyyar ta kasance kaɗan ne kuma magadanshi mabuƙata ne, kuma wasiyyar zata takurawa magadan, hakane ma yasa Annabi tsira da amincin Allah su tabbata a gare shi ya gayawa sahabinshi Sa'ad Allah Ya kara mishi yarda: "Lalle da zaka bar magadanka a cikin wadata da shi yafi alheri da ka barsu matsiyata suna roƙon mutane" (Bukhari: 1295, Muslim: 1628).
4. Wasiyyar da take haramun:
Ita ce yin wasiyya da abunda Shari'a ta haramta; Kaman yayiwa babban ɗanshi ko matarshi wasiyya da wata dukiya ta musamman daga cikin sauran magadanshi, ko yayi wasiyya da a gina wani. babban gini akan kabarinshi.
Kimar wasiyya a shari'a
Wasiyya tana halatta ne a cikin sulusin dukiya kuma bata halatta a cikin sama da haka, abunda yafi kuma shi ne ya rage daga sulusin, domin a yayin da Sa'ad Bin Abi Waƙƙas Allah Ya kara mishi yarda yace: Ya Manzon Allah shin zanyi wasiyya da dukiya ta gaba ɗaya? sai yace: «A'a» sai nace: Rabin ta fa? yace: «A'a» sai nace: sulusin ta fa? yace: «Sulusi da sulusi fa abune mai yawa, lalle da zaka bar magadanka a cikin wadata da shi yafi alheri da ka barsu matsiyata suna rokon mutane abunda ke hannunsu» (Bukhari: 2742).
Wasiyya ta halatta da dukkanin dukiya ga wanda bai da magada
Hukuncin zantar da wasiyya
Zantar da wasiyyar mamaci wajibi ne, idan wanda aka yiwa wasiyya bai zantar da ita ba bayan sharruɗan ingancinta sun cika to ya aikata zunubi domin faɗin Allah Ta'ala: (Kuma duk wanda ya canza ta bayan ya ji ta, to lalle zunubinta yana kan waɗanda suka canza ta, lalle Allah Mai yawan ji ne Mai yawan sani) Albakara: 181).
Idan mutum ya rasu to dukiyan da ya tara a rayuwarshi basu zamto mallakinshi ba, kuma lalle musulunci ya tsara mana rabon gado da baiwa duk wani mai haƙƙi haƙƙinshi, hakan kuma zai kasance ne bayan biyan bashin da suke kan mamacin da kuma zantar da wasiyoyinshi da ya bari a bayanshi.
Kuma haƙiƙa Alkur'ani mai girma da sunnar Annabi tsira da amincin Allah su tabbata a gare shi sun fayyace mana yadda ake rabon gado, domin kada a samu saɓani a tsakanin magada, saboda haka wanda ya raba gado shi ne mafi hikiman masu hukunci Mai girma da ɗaukaka, saboda haka baya halatta ga wani da ya canza shi ko ya sauya shi da hujjan cewa hakan ya saɓawa al'adan mutanen garin, saboda hakane Allah Maɗaukakin Sarki Yace a bayan ayar rabon gado:(Waɗannan su ne iyakokin Allah, kuma duk wanda yayiwa Allah da ManzonShi biyayya zai shigar da shi Aljannah wanda ƙoramai suke gudana a ƙarƙashinta, kuma wannan shi ne babban rabo) (Annisa'i: 13).
Kuma ya wajaba akan magadan mamaci da makusantanshi da su koma zuwa ga ma'abota ilimi da hukunci bayan rasuwan ɗan uwansu domin su san yadda za su raba gadonsu a shar'ance yadda ya kamata, da kuma nisantar tashin hankali wajen raba dukiyar da kuma yawan husuma.
