القسم الحالي: HADITHI NE SUNNAH (EBIGAMBO N'EBIKOLYA BYA NABBI)
الدرس OKUWANDIIKA KWA SUNNAH N'EBITABO EBIKULU
Abamanyi b’Obusiraamu baafaayo nyo okuwandiika Sunnah (Hadithi), era baamala obulamu bwabwe nga bazikuuma, nga baawula etuufu muzzo ku nafu muzzo, n’okunnyonnyola embeera z’abaazinyumya mu ngeri etafaanana na byafaayo by’abantu bonna.
Amakalu g'okuwandiika Sunnah (Hadithi) za Nabbi
Kwe kuwandiika ebyo ebyaloopebwa okuva eri Nabbi Muhammad ebyengera n’emirembe bibeere ku yye, eby’ebigambo, ebikolwa, oba okukkiriza, n’okukung’aanya ebyo mu bitabo.
Zayita enkola y’okuwandiika Sunnah n’okuwandiika Hadith za Nabbi mu mitendera egiwerako, nga bwe gy'ili:
Omutendera ogw'osooka:
Okuwandiika ku mulembe gwa Nabbi ebyengera n’emirembe bibeere ku ye, ne baswahabah, kwaaliwo mu kyasa ekyasooka. Nabbi ebyengera n’emirembe bibeere ku ye, yagaana okuwandiika hadith ze ku ntandikwa y’Obusiraamu, olw’okutya okuzitabula ne Qur’an.
Hadithi nga eva ku Abu Sa`id al-Khudri, Allah amusiime, nti Omubaka wa Allah ebyengera n'emirembe bibeere ku ye, yagamba nti: “Temuwandiika ku nze, era oyo yenna eyawandiika okuva kuzee ekitali Qur’an, akisangule, era anyumirwe ku nze era tewali musango.” Muslim (3004).
Hadithi za Nabbi ebyengera n'emirembe bibeere ku ye, zaakwatibwa mu bifuba n'emu mutwe, oluvannyuma n'ezogyerebwa . Olwo Nabbi ebyengera n’emirembe bibeere ku ye, n’awa olukusa abamu ku ba Swahaaba okuziwandiika.
Hadithi nga eva ku Abdullah ibn Amr, Allah abasiime bombi, eyagamba nti: Nawandiikanga byonna bye nnawulira okuva eri Omubaka wa Allah ebyengera n'emirembe bibeere ku ye, okusobola okubikuuma. Aba Quraysh bamubongorela ne bagamba nti: Owandiika buli ky’owulira, so nga Omubaka wa Allah ebyengera n'emirembe bibeere ku ye, muntu ayogera mu busungu n’emusanyo? Bwentyo nalekera awo okuwandiika, era ekyo ne nkyogerako eri Omubaka wa Allah ebyengera n'emirembe bibeere ku ye, era n’asonga n’olugalo lwe ku kamwa n’agamba nti: “Wandiika, kubanga olw’Oyo awanirinde omwoyo gwange mu mukono gwe, tewali kimuvaamu okugyako amazima.” Sunan Abi Dawud [3646].
Mu hadith ya Al-Walid bin Muslim, nga eva ku Al-Awza’i, nti Abu Hurairah, Allah amusiime, yagamba nti: “Allah Omugulumivu bweyagula Makka eri Omubaka wa Allah ebyengera n'emirembe bibeere ku ye, yayimirira mu bantu, n’atendereza Allah era n’amwebaza.[Abu Hurairah n’ayogera ku kubuulira n’oluvannyuma n’agamba nti:] Abu Shah - omusajja okuva e Yemen - yasituka n’agamba nti: Wandiikire ggwe Omubaka wa Allah, Allah ebyengera n'emirembe bibeere ku ye, Al-Walid n’agamba nti: Nagamba Al-Awza’i: Wandiikire ki, Ayi Omubaka wa Allah? ebyengera n'emirembe bibeere ku ye.” Al-Bukhari (2434) ne Musilim (1355).
Omutendera ogw'okubiri
Okuwandiika hadithi kwatandika mu mulembe ogw’oluvannyuma lw'abattabi'e, mu kyasa eky’okubiri AH. Okuwandiika kuno kwawulwamu okuwandiika okwawamu okwa Sunnah za Nabbi, naye nga tekulina nsengeka ntongole. Eyasooka okufaayo ku kino yali Muduumizi w’Abakkiriza, Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz -Allah amusaasire - bwatyo n’alagira ba imam ababiri, Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri ne Abu Bakr ibn Hazm, okukung’aanya Sunnah. Yawandiikira amaaso nti: “Mutunuulire hadith y’omubaka wa Allah, mugikung’aanyize, era mugikwate mu mutwe, kubanga ntya okufiirwa okumanya n’okuyita kw’abamanyi.”
Omuntu eyasooka okuwandiika hadith ku kiragiro kye ye Imam Al-Zuhri - Allah amusaasire - era eyo ye yali entandikwa y’okuwandiika Sunnah ne hadiths okutwaliza awamu.
Okuwandiika Sunnah (Hadith) Ku ngeri y’ebitabo ebisengekeddwa era ebisengekeddwa, oba okusinziira ku nkola y’abamanyi nga okukkiriza, okumanya, okutukuzibwa, esswala, n’ebirala, oba okusinziira ku nkola ya Musnad, kale boogera ku Musnad ya Abu Bakr, oluvannyuma Umar, n’ebirala.
Ku mutendera guno, yawandiikibwa Muwatta ya Imam Malik ibn Anas - Allah amusaasire - era omutendera guno gwayawulwamu olw’enteekateeka yaago n’okugatta ebigambo bya Nabbi, ebyengera n’emirembe bibeere ku ye, n’ebigambo bya ba Swahaaba n’Abagoberezi ne fatwa zaabwe.
Omutendera gw’okwawula hadiithi za Nabbi, ebyengera n’emirembe bibeere ku ye, olw’okugigabanya, okugikung’aanya n’okugisengeka awatali kugitabula na bigambo birala ebya ba Swahaaba n’Abagoberezi babwe- okuggyako ku kigero ekitono ekiyinza okwetaagisa. Omutendera guno gwatandika ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa eky’okusatu AH, era mu bitabo ebisinga okumanyika ebikung’aanyiziddwamu mulimu: Musnad al-Imam Ahmad, Musnad al-Hamidi, n’ebirala.
Olwo okuwandiika hadith kwatuuka ku ntikko mu makkati g’ekyasa eky’okusatu AH, Imam al-Bukhari bwe yakung’aanya Sahih al-Bukhari, Imam Muslim n’akuŋŋaanya Sahih Muslim, era ebitabo bya Sunan ne biwandiikibwa: Sunan Abi Dawud, al-Tirmidhi, al-Nasa’i, Ibn Majah, Sunan al-Darimi, n’ebitabo ebirala eby’ettutumu ebya hadith.
Mu bitabo ebingi ebya Sunnah za Nabbi, mukaaga bimanyiddwa nnyo: Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, awamu ne Sunan Abi Dawud, Ibn Majah, al-Nasa’i, ne al-Tirmidhi.
Mu bitabo ebimanyiddwa ennyo ebya Sunnah mulimu Sunan al-Darimi, Musnad al-Imam Ahmad, ne Muwatta’ al-Imam Malik.
Okumanya Ebitabo Omukaga
Mu bitabo bya Sunnah (Hadithi) ebisinga okumanyikwa, ebyakkirizibwa eri Ekibiina kya Nabbi, mulimu Ebitabo Omukaaga, nga bino bye bino:
1. Sahih Al-Bukhari (yafa mu mwaka gwa 256 AH).
Ky’ekimu ku bitabo ebijjuvu ebyakung’aanya hadiithi zonna ez’omubaka wa Allah, ebyengera n'emirembe bibeere ku ye, ekyatuuka ku muwandiisi ku bikwata ku nzikiriza, okusinza, okusuubulagana, entalo, okutaputa amakulu ga Qur'an, n’empisa ennungi. Yanywerera ku butuufu mu kyo, era kye kitabo ekisinga obutuufu oluvannyuma lwa Qur’an Entukuvu.
2. Sahih Muslim (yafa mu mwaka gwa 261 AH).
Era kye kimu ku bitabo ebijjuvu, era omuwandiisi yeewaayo eri obutuufu mu kyo, naye obukwakkulizo bw’okukakasa buweweevu okusinga obwa Al-Bukhari, kale kye kitabo ekyokubiri oluvannyuma lw’ekitabo kya Al-Bukhari.
3. Sunan Abi Dawood (yafa mu mwaka gwa 275 AH).
Ky’ekimu ku bitabo bya Sunnah, abawandiisi baakyo bye baasengeka okusinziira ku ssuula z’amateeka. Yakung’aanya mu kitabo kye ebituufu n’ebirungi, era teyatera kwogera ku binafu byokka.
4. Sunan Al-Tirmidhi (yafa mu mwaka gwa 279 AH).
Ky’ekimu ku bitabo ebijjuvu ebyakung’aanya hadiithi zonna ez’omubaka wa Allah byengera n'emirembe bibeere ku ye, ekyatuuka ku muwandiisi ku bikwata ku nzikiriza, okusinza, okusuubulagana, entalo, okutaputa amakulu ga Qur'an, n’empisa ennungi. Teyanywerera ku butuufu mu kyo, anti kirimu hadith entuufu, ennungi, n’enafu.
5. Sunan Al-Nasa’i (yafa mu mwaka gwa 303 AH).
Era kiri ku nteteka y'emirago gya Fiqhi, era kirimu hadiithi entuufu, ennungi n’enafu.
6. Sunan Ibn Majah (yafa mu mwaka gwa 273 AH).
Era kiri ku nteteeka y'emirango gya fiqhi, era kirimu hadiithi etuufu, ennungi, enafu, n’ezimu enafu era ezigaanibwa.
Imam Al-Hafiz Abu Al-Hajjaj Al-Mizzi (yafa mu mwaka gwa 742 AH) yagamba nti:
“Ate ku Sunnah (Hadithi), Allah yaziwa abakuumi abamanyi, abamanyi abayivu abasobola okuzikuuma okuva mu kukyusakyusa kw’abasukkiridde, okuyiiya kw’ababulimba, n’okutaputa kw’abatamanyi.Baawukanye mu kugigabanya era basukkuluma mu kugiwandiika mu ngeri nnyingi n’engeri ez’enjawulo, olw’okufaayo olw’okugikuuma n’okutya okufiirwa kwayo.Mu bisinga obulungi mu bo mu kubigabanya, abasinga obulungi mu byo mu kutondeka, asinga obutuufu n’abatono mu nsobi, asinga okujjuvu mu mugaso, asinga okuganyula, asinga obunene mu mikisa, asinga okwangu mu nsaasaanya, asinga mu kukkiriza, abo abakkiriza n’abo abatakkiriziganya, era asinga okutwalibwa ng’abakulu n’abantu ba bulijjo, ye: “Sahih Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Bukhari,” olwo “Sahih Abu al-Husayn Muslim ibn Hajjaj al-Naysaburi,” olwo oluvannyuma lwabwe ekitabo “al-Sunan” ekya Abu Dawud Sulayman ibn al-Ash’ath al-Sijistani, oluvannyuma ekitabo “al-Jami’” ekya Abu ‘Isa Muhammad ibn ‘Isa al-Tirmidhi, olwo ekitabo “al-Sunan” ekya Abu ‘Abd al-Rahman Ahmad ibn Shu’ayb. Al-Nasa’i, olwo ekitabo “Al-Sunan” ekya Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Yazid, amanyiddwa nga Ibn Majah Al-Qazwini, wadde nga teyatuuka ku ddaala lyabwe.
Buli kimu ku bitabo bino “omukaaga” kirina ekintu ekimanyiddwa abo abamanyi bo mulimu guno, kale ebitabo bino byafuuka bya ttutumu mu bantu ne bisaasaana mu nsi z’Obusiraamu, era omugaso oguvaamu gwali munene era abayizi b’okumanya baali baagala nnyo okubifuna.” Tahdhib al-Kamal [1/147].
Omusiraamu asobola okumanya eddaala lya hadith, oba ntuufu era ekkirizibwa oba nnafu era egaanibwa, ng’ajuliza abamanyi abafaayo era abakuguka mu kumanya hadith. Baasoma hadith mu ngeri y’obukwakkulizo bw’olujegere lw’okubunyisa n’ebiwandiiko, ne mu ngeri y’okukkiriza n’okugaana.
Waliwo ebitabo bingi ebiwandiikiddwa era ne bisengekebwa ku mulamwa guno, wamu n’enkola nnyingi ezesigika n’emikutu gy’ebyuma bikalimagezi ebiyamba mu kuzuula hadiithi entuufu okuva ku nnafu.
Emu ku nkola n’emikutu gy’ebyuma bikalimagezi ebiyamba mu kumanya diguli ya hadith
Al Mausuu'atul Al Hadithiya mukutu gwa Durar as-Sunniah, omuli ebikumi n’ebikumi bya hadith, wamu n’ensala z’abamanyi hadith (abaasooka, ab’omulembe guno, n’abaaliwo mu kiseera ekyo), osobola okugifuna okuva ku link eno wammanga: https://dorar.net/hadith
